For more than a decade and a half, Israel has confronted Hamas in Gaza, with cycles of violence and intense fighting followed by periods of relative calm. A time in which it has been possible to observe how urban warfare in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has mutated and how an advanced army, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), has evolved and innovated at all levels - from operational to organizational culture, through technology - to combat a weaker, but extremely adaptable, decentralized irregular force, with relative firepower thanks to the “democratization of lethality” and capable of camouflaging itself among the civilian population and “disappearing” in broad daylight. In this sense, the experiences acquired during urban combats within the framework of the Second Intifada, added to the lessons learned through US operations in the War on Terror, have allowed Israel to equip itself with the necessary capabilities, in terms of urban combat, to put an end to Hamas.
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