Within the broader range of hybrid strategies, the gray zone is acquiring great prominence, because it can be used to decisively influence the geopolitical sphere. Russia is on everyone's lips as one of its main endorsers. In this article we unravel the reasons and the means used, including several real cases. The gray zone refers to one of the various scenarios in which international actors pursue their objectives. Above all, the States, although their use by proto-state actors is feasible (warlords, terrorist groups with aspirations for territorial control, such as Hezbollah or DAESH, and even sub-state political structures). The gray area has certain remnants of the old political warfare, typical of the Cold War. The underlying philosophy is to put pressure on geopolitical rivals, but without forcing a casus belli, although on many occasions it is played at the limit of that eventuality: on the knife's edge. Hence it is often said that, although (relatively) moderate in its forms, the gray zone is aggressive in its aims. We will return to them in the next paragraphs.
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